Epidemiology

EPIDEMIOLOGY is the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states and events in club , and the application of this study to control health problems ADDIN EN .CITE Park199521Park K .1995Park apos s textbook of preventive and social medicinePark K .JabalpurM /s Banarsidas Bhanot14514th (Park , 1995 focuses on respectment of mortality direct and morbidity in existence community . So epidemiology begins with the definition of what is to be strided and boldness of criteria or standards by which it can be mensurable . uses umteen indicators to m the health perspective of a community . They table returns to comp ar the health status of one country with that of another(prenominal) , to assess the health care needs , to allocate unfaltering resources and to monitor and evaluate health services , activities and programs . Indicators help to flyer the termination to which the objectives and targets of a program are being assume . World Health Organization (WHO ) defines indicators as variables which help to judge changes in health program evaluationIndicators , being amounts with scientific respectability , are expected to dedicate certain characteristics . Be it thrifty sequentially over time or heedful at a certain point in time , twain directly or indirectly should be valid , classical , sensitive and circumstantial . Validity means that the indicators should certainly measure what they are supposed to measure . Reliability implies that the answers are aforesaid(prenominal) if measured by different people in standardised spate . An indicator should be sensitive to speculate the changes to the actual extent in the situation concerned , and it should be specific to reflect changes only in the situation concerned . just at a time a true health indicator w eliminate not comply with all these crite! ria since health cannot be outlined in exact measurable terms . Therefore measurements of health have been framed in terms of illness , last (mortality , and the consequences of ill health (morbidity , disability , quality of life and economic , occupational and domestic factors that promote ill health .

Since health is multidimensional health should be measured multidimensionally Correspondingly , health moldiness be measured by employing many of the following(a) indicatorsMORTALITY MEASURESMortality indicators are the traditional measures of health status They continue to be use as the starting point in health status evaluation . The following are a some of the mortality measuresCrud e death rate : Crude death rate is defined as the fare of deaths per one k populations per twelvemonth in a given community . It is calculated by dividing the chassis of deaths during the year by mid-year population and multiplied by thousand . It shows the rate at which people are dying . The usefulness of new death rate is restricted because it is influenced by the age-sex firearm of the population and because health cannot be measured by the spell of deaths alone . But a decrease in crude death rates provides a good pecker for assessing the boilers suit health improvement in a population spirit expectancy : Life expectancy is the average number of years that will be lived by those born animated into a population if the trustworthy age specific mortality rate...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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